Field Notes

Stories from the audit beat.

One post per framework. Each one pairs a step-by-step walkthrough with illustrative data and an explainer of the queries behind it.

Privacy · GDPR

Answering a GDPR Article 15 access request from recorded history

An Article 15 request asks for the personal data you hold, its sources and its recipients. This post shows the queries that collect it from recorded history.

5 min read · read →
California · CCPA / CPRA

CCPA "do not sell": the evidence a database can provide

California's twelve-month sharing lookback is hard to evidence from current-state data. This post shows the queries that read it from recorded history.

5 min read · read →
Insurance · NAIC market conduct

Insurance market-conduct exams: answering the examiner's questions with Cypher

NAIC market-conduct examinations are six-week projects for most carriers. This post shows the queries that answer the examiner's three questions.

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Healthcare · HIPAA · OCR · state privacy

The CDS override defense, recorded as it happened

An HHS OCR complaint about a documented clinical override is a question your audit chain should already have answered.

6 min read · read →
AI Governance · EU AI Act

EU AI Act technical documentation from recorded provenance

An Annex IV documentation package is expensive to assemble after the fact. If the evidence is recorded as the work happens, queries can return it as it stood at deployment.

6 min read · read →
Financial Controls · SOX · PCAOB

The SOX walk-through: evidence from a hash-chained history

AS-1105 evidence integrity is a sentence in the standard. With a hash-chained history log, it is one check you can run.

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Security Standards · PCI DSS 4.0

PCI DSS Requirement 10: reading access history with a query

Requirement 10 asks who accessed cardholder data and when. This post shows the queries that read that access history from one recorded graph.

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Financial Controls · DORA · EU

DORA's four-hour initial notification: tracing affected services with a query

Article 19 sets a four-hour initial notification. This post shows the queries that trace which services and customers an ICT incident affects.

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Security Standards · HITRUST CSF

HITRUST CSF: gathering control evidence from one recorded history

Much of a HITRUST assessment is evidence reconciliation. This post shows how control evidence recorded in one history can be queried per control.

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Financial Controls · 23 NYCRR 500

The NYDFS 72-hour cyber-event notice: building the incident timeline with a query

Section 500.17 sets a 72-hour notice to the Superintendent. This post shows the queries that build the incident timeline from recorded history.

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Industries · FDA 21 CFR Part 11

Supporting a 21 CFR Part 11 audit trail with recorded history

The FDA inspector wants the audit trail for batch B-44218 as it stood at lot release. This post shows the queries that return it from recorded history.

6 min read · read →
Critical Infrastructure · NERC CIP

NERC CIP, evidenced asset by asset

A NERC CIP audit asks for evidence asset by asset. This post shows the queries that return each asset's recorded configuration and changes.

5 min read · read →
Government · FedRAMP · FISMA

FedRAMP ConMon, control by control

FedRAMP continuous monitoring asks for evidence control by control. This post shows the queries that return it from recorded history.

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Finance · FINRA Reg BI

Reg BI duty of care, with a checkable record

The hardest FINRA question — has the model card been edited since the trade? — is the easiest one to answer if your records are chained.

5 min read · read →